| Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah | |
|---|---|
| The Fifth Sultan of Qutb Shahi dynasty | |
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah's portrait from the collection of the Smithsonian Institution |
|
| Reign | 1580–1611 |
| Predecessor | Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah |
| Successor | Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah |
| Royal House | Golconda fort |
| Father | Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah |
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah (1580-1611 CE) (Urdu: محمد قلی قطب شاہ) was the fifth sultan of the Qutb Shahi dynasty of Golkonda in south India. He founded the city of Bhaganagar i.e. Hyderabad - Hyderabad, India and built its architectural centerpiece, the Charminar. He was an able administrator and his reign is considered one of the high points of the Qutb Shahi dynasty.The name Bhagyanagar is the true translation of the previous name,"Farkhunde Buniyad" is therefore an assumed name.Similarly Bhagnagar is mis-pronounced name and it is wrong to understand the meaning of 'city of garden'by this name too.
He ascended to the throne in 1580 at the age of 15 and ruled for thirty-one years. Some historian say that he was 17 years of age at the time of his crowning also.
He modelled the well planned city of Bhaganagar i.e. Hyderabad on the then legendary city of Esfahan of Persia, in his words unparalleled in the world and a replica of heaven itself.
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Sultan Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah was the third son of Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah. He founded the city of Bhaganagar later known as Hyderabad, India ,after shifting from his old capital, the fort of Golkonda. The city was built on the southern bank of the Muchkunda river later known as Musi River. Some say that Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah sent for architects from Iran to lay out the city, which was built on a grid plan. History mentions that he himself had studied many architectural plans and with consistent consultations with his wife Bhagamati and his Prime Minister Mir Muhammed Momin, he carried out roads and buildings etc., with his help. SULTAN Muhammed Quli Qutub shah founded the city of Bhaganagar in 1591. Prince Muhammed Quli, fell in love with her so much that he wished to marry her;but the same was not possible at that time because of stiff objections by Muslims in general of that time. In 1578 AD, prince Muhammed Quli endangering his life, had physically crossed the river Musi, as he wished to explore the Southern territory of the river for finding suitable location for his new dream city. He found the province of Chichlam village sacredly suitable for establishment of his New city. On receipt of the news of the life danger to his son Prince Muhammed Quli, Ibrahim Qutubshah, ordered to construct a new bridge in place of the dilapidated ruinous old bridge. Accordingly a new bridge named "PUL-e-NARVA" now known as "Purana Pul" was constructed in 1579 AD facilitating the frequent meetings of the prince, with hisam village. As per one of the reference books, the date of construction is also inscribed on one of the pillars of this pul. Landmarks of the Deccan by Shri. Ali Asgar Bilgrami.Reference books like; 400 years of Hyderabad by Shri K. Chandraiah (1996) and Tarikh-e-Tufani (History of floods in Hyderabad) by Shri Pandit Kishan Rao of Mushir Decccan News paper,Sangayachay Mala ,Marathi book,can be referred, used. It is important to note that in spite of the serious objection in the capital, Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah married in 1589 AD after waiting for 11 years of his first meeting with his beloved. After his marriage with Bhagyamati, he laid the foundation of charminar in 1589 AD before establishment of the City of Bhaganagar, located in chichlam village, after the Plague epidemic that had ravaged the city.in 1591 AD. In 1605 AD,the name of the city Bhagyanagar,was changed to Hyderabad. After Bhagyamati was converted to Muslim religion,the name of Bhagamati was changed and was named as Begum Hyder Mahal The name of the city was named as, Hyderabad.after her. Some say that.. Hyderabad was named as the City of Hyder after the title of the Fourth Caliph Ali. Many people though, commonly believe that the city of "Hyderabad" was named after the people as their residence as "City of the Brave" from the Persian words "Hyder/Haider" (Persian and Urdu meaning lion or brave and "Abad/Abaad" (Persian and Urdu meaning abode or populated.
In 1642 and 1652 a French traveler Jean-Baptiste Tavernierwho visited the city of Bhaganagar , compared the city to Orléans, well built and opened out, and in 1672, Abbe Carre was much impressed by the city and termed it the center of all trade in the East'.Pleae refer to Wikipedia separate page titled "Chichlam and Bhagamati " for more information. French Traveller Mr. Travernier visited Hyderabad first in 1642 AD and he had mentioned the name of the city as Bhaganagar( Hyderabad.) The Friendship treaty was concluded in 1677 AD after which Chatrpathi Shivaji left the city to Karnataka expedition. Dad Mahal constructed by Md. Quli Qutub Shah was situated near the present A.P High Court building south of the river bank.
Muhammad Quli Qutub Shah constructed the 'Charminar' of Four Minarets. Charminar is the exact replica of tombs of Martyrs Hasan and Hussain at Karbala, known as Taboot, which is considered very sacred. While laying the foundation stone of Charminar, Md. Quli Qutub Shah and his wife, prayed for welfare of the people in their contemplated new city. The structure of Charminar comprises four tall and massive minarets connected to each other by four high arches and this resembles the archetypal triumphal arch. This beautiful colossus in granite, lime, mortar and, some say, pulverised marble, was at one time the heart of the city. Initially the wonderful monument with its four arches was so proportionately planned that the beautiful Charminar monument could be impressively seen from the top of Golcond fort. One could even catch a glimpse of the bustling Hyderabad city as these Charminar arches were facing the most active royal ancestral streets. Muhammad Quli built the Charminar to commemorate the start of building construction works for his new city of Bhaganagar. He is said to have prayed for the end of a plague epidemic that was ravaging his city and vowed to build a masjid at the very near place, where he was praying. The epidemic ended soon afterwards and Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah constructed Jami masjid in 1596. There is also a legend of an underground tunnel connecting the palace at Golkonda to Charminar, possibly intended as an escape route for the Qutub Shahi rulers in case of a siege, though the exact location of the tunnel is unknown.
Sultan Muhammed Quli Qutb Shah was a scholar of Arabic and Persian. He wrote poetry in Urdu and Persian. His poetry has been compiled into a dewan or volume entitled "Kulliyat-e-Quli Qutub Shah." Muhammed Quli Qutub Shah had the distinction of being the first Saheb-e-dewan Urdu poet and is credited with introducing a new sensibility into prevailing genres of Persian/Urdu poetry. It is said that the Urdu language acquired the status of a literary language due to his contributions.
| Preceded by Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah |
Qutb Shahi dynasty 1518–1687 |
Succeeded by Sultan Muhammad Qutb Shah |
==References==Land Marks of the Deccan,by Sri Ali Asgar Bilgrami, Marathi Book"Sangaychay Mala" by Gajanan (Arun) Pole,Prime Ministers of Qutubshhs by Sri Bhopal Rao and many others.